Levels of abstraction in a modern computer that's running a web application. (The simplicity of the table belies the galaxy of information needed to understand every layer.)

Very cool… I have 2 questions:

- why does this list not start from zero?

- What about the “dependency layer”*shivers*… the web frameworks, libraries, and apis people use or build on top of—used to standardize code to be built in a specific way. 
Would you consider this a layer? what defines a “layer”?

Ans 1: I kept asking specific questions to ChatGPT to get it to produce the list. Beyond that, I didn’t care about numbering.

Ans 2: To me, web APIs, node.js libraries, and web frameworks belong in the Application layer.

Ans 3: A layer is an interface relying on lower layers while providing services to higher ones