CONTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS – NON-HORMONAL.

Non-hormonal contraceptives prevent pregnancy by using physical or chemical barriers to block sperm from reaching an egg, ideal for those avoiding hormones.

Common Methods:

• Copper IUD (e.g., Paragard): Copper coil that prevents sperm mobility; effective for up to 10 years.

• Male/Female Condoms: Barriers that prevent sperm entry and offer STI protection.

• Diaphragm and Cervical Cap: Inserted into the vagina and used with spermicide.

• Spermicide: Chemicals in gels or creams that kill sperm.

• Fertility Awareness Method (FAM): Tracking menstrual cycles to avoid fertile days.

• Withdrawal: Male partner withdraws before ejaculation; less reliable.

• Sterilization: Permanent procedures, like tubal ligation or vasectomy.

PROS: No hormonal side effects, generally reversible (except sterilization), and some protect against STIs.

CONS: Generally less effective than hormonal options when not used perfectly; some methods (like FAM, withdrawal) need …