I don't know smart contracts well enough, but this is probably a simple question for someone who does:

can you make a contract that only allows an address to mint one NFT? i.e. I couldn't buy seven farcats, the contract would stop me at one

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Mint? Yes

Buy/Transfer? ...Difficult.

A wrapper contract around the NFT could be used to keep the illusion of each address having one NFT. This can be averted by limiting transfers only to EOAs & whitelisted smart wallets, though the latter will take up more time to identify & approve.