Science

We already knew that the ultra-processing of foods (UPF) increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. But that is apparently also true of the ultra-processing of plant-based foods:

We already knew that the ultra-processing of foods (UPF) increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. But that is apparently also true of the ultra-processing of plant-based foods:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(24)00115-7/fulltext

PhD in aviation ∩ climate science | Aviator, diver, ETH maxi, nexialist | Host of /diving /ethfinance /eth-staker /geopolitics /science /singapore /thomas

I have always had troubles understanding what ultraprocessed actually means.
Is a patty made from pea protein(flour?) an UPF? Are soy chunks? Soy protein? Cold cuts? Oat milk?
Is everything made from flour ultraprocessed since it was reduced to a "basic state"? Or does it have to involve high heat?

I have just the link for you: https://doi.org/fwjv

Cakes = ultraprocessed because they use ultraprocessed ingredients (invert sugar, etc)? Whey protein= ultraprocessed because it separates e.g. casein? I was eating chips recently made from pea flour with sunflower oil and hemp protein. Is it ultraprocessed because it's chips or is it because of hemp protein (isolated)?

When I click "supplementary material" it just refreshes the page