It’s surprising to me how little scrutiny this claim receives.

Maybe it’s true, but haven’t many species had stable populations for millions of years? Basing it only on human history seems like a sampling error.

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I think the difference here is 'societies' vs. 'species'.

Because if your society isn't growing, another one will.

Pragmatism (Security) at OP Labs.
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Is that true long term? Birth rates predictably decline as societies become more wealthy. I'm all for technology continuing to improve, but translating that into "grow or die!" seems kinda sus.

Not sure. Growth also has its dangers of course. 

A stable sized society would have to have a very well designed balance between the two. Possibly a world government, and a very good one at that.