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@vitalik.eth 到了今天已经出现了很多很多L2，以OP stack系的为主，也有部分zkrollup的尝试。很希望听到你对过去几年rollups路线的评价，希望是尽量客观的回顾：

你觉得什么地方做的比较好，什么地方和当年预想的不太一样；

rollups总体对以太坊是好事还是吸血（我前几天有看到你呼吁这些L2回馈以太坊）？

ETH是否真的需要这些L2？

@vitalik.eth By now, a large number of Layer 2 solutions have emerged, primarily those built on the OP stack, as well as some ZK rollup attempts. I’d love to hear your thoughts on the rollup roadmap over the past few years, hopefully in as objective a retrospective as possible:

1. What do you think has been done well, and in what ways have things turned out differently from your original expectations?  
2. Overall, are rollups a good thing for Ethereum, or are they “parasidic” (I noticed you recently called on these L2s to give back to Ethereum)?  
3. Does ETH really need these Layer 2 solutio...

到现在为止我们的扩容方式大概可以理解成hybrid L1 + L2, 但是我觉得还没有人足够明确定义哪些交易应该在L1, 哪些交易应该在L2.

“一切都放在L2" 这个答案比较难接受，因为：

* 这样容易失去ETH的medium of exchange, store of value等等的位置。如果你担心L2 偷L1 的用户，不还给L1什么回报，这个问题在一个 "L1几乎什么都不做“ 的情况会更严重
* 跨L2的操作还是需要L1.如果一个L2出问题，用户还是需要有办法自己搬到另外一个L2.所以有一些很难避免L1的use case. 我在这里关于这个话题写了文章：https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/02/14/l1scaling.html

“一切都放在L1" 这个答案也比较难接受，因为：

* 如果L1支持很多交易，容易变中心化，即使用ZK-EVM等等的技术
* 世界对链上的交易的需求是无限的，不管L1的TPS多高，总是可以发现一个应用需要10倍更多TPS (比如，人工智能，小额支付, 小额...

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