What we know of brain and health .


The gut nervous system, also known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), is a complex network of neurons embedded in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is often referred to as the “second brain” because of its ability to function independently of the central nervous system (CNS) while maintaining communication with it.

The ENS can process information and coordinate responses without CNS input but communicates with the brain via the vagus nerve and neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA.

The ENS interacts with the CNS through the gut-brain axis, involving neural, hormonal, and immune pathways. This connection influences digestion, mood, and even neurological health.