China has become a science / engineering super power over the past 20 years

https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2024/06/12/china-has-become-a-scientific-superpower

Is this a reasonable measure? Top 1% by number of citations, but these citations are not mediated by _who_ is citing the papers. Outside of any specific nation, it's known to be a problem that people will play citations games with their peers to bolster credibility:

creating and destroying; built flying cars & autonomous vehicles, now building /faust, more here: /july, web: july.rocks

Is this a reasonable measure? Top 1% by number of citations, but these citations are not mediated by _who_ is citing the papers. Outside of any specific nation, it's known to be a problem that people will play citations games with their peers to bolster credibility: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/science/science-journal-pulls-60-papers-in-peer-review-fraud.html

To be honest, i'm not sure if it is or not - i don't know. However, i'd say that it is a theme as a part of a larger theme of the growth that China as a whole as experienced. Take growth of the High Speed Rail network from 2008 to present

BDFL of Quilibrium, Eng @ Farcaster, ex-Coinbase, always opinionated, never hydrated

/quilibrium

Certainly, China's growth is amazing to see, I just question specifically the use of citations as a metric for any country outpacing another in research, as that number can and frequently does get abused. Shenzhen of course is one of the models of how much growth can be achieved in a few decades:

Another one: take a look at EV growth in China, and this is from 2022