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Anders Elowsson
@anderselowsson
Vorbit SSF with circular and spiral finality: validator selection and distribution This post analyzes how cumulative finality accrues across committees in single-slot finality (SSF) for a wide range of validator sets, with a key focus on committee design. https://ethresear.ch/t/vorbit-ssf-with-circular-and-spiral-finality-validator-selection-and-distribution/20464 ✍️
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Anders Elowsson
@anderselowsson
A moderately consolidated validator set after EIP-7251 may have 233k validators. Say it is divided into 8 committees of 29k validators each to accommodate signature propagation. Each SSF committee will then cumulatively add finality to block n according to the dashed blue line.
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Anders Elowsson
@anderselowsson
Increase the committees to 31k validators, selecting larger validators with a probability proportional to size. Finality will then accrue markedly faster during the initial slots, as shown by the solid blue line. This helps reduce the aggregate finality gap: the cyan area.
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Anders Elowsson
@anderselowsson
Add an “auxiliary committee” on top of the 8 regular ones, resulting in 9 committees per “epoch”. This gives room to add more validators with high balances in each committee. Cumulative finality then accrues faster at first (green) but the trend finally reverses (red).
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Anders Elowsson
@anderselowsson
As more auxiliary committees are added, the green and red areas will eventually balance out. This point seems like a reasonable baseline for the optimal configuration, although many factors e.g. related to consensus formation can be considered to improve upon the baseline.
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Anders Elowsson
@anderselowsson
If the validator set is more consolidated, cumulative finality can accrue faster; certainly something to strive for! Here is the outcome if we had a “pure Zipfian” staking set instead. It can give full finality in three slots, and/or a very high finality already in the first.
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Anders Elowsson
@anderselowsson
On the other hand, if 1/2 the presumably Zipfian stakers retain their 32-ETH validators so that we only come halfway, finality would accrue much slower. This could be the situation in the short term, before stakers have had time to consolidate (or forever, if they choose not to).
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