Microsoft unveils Majorana 1 quantum chip with world's first Majorana qubits

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In the new chip, Microsoft uses not electrons for calculations, but the Majorana particle, which was first described by theoretical physicist Ettore Majorana in 1937. The company says the chip is made using a new material known as a topoconductor, or topological superconductor, which is able to not only observe but also control Majorana particles to create more stable qubits.

The developers placed 4 Majorana particles on the chip and connected them together using a nano-chain of indium aluminum arsenide (a superconductor). The pattern of their connection forms the shape of the letter H, which is why they were called H-blocks. These 4 particles form one qubit.

H-blocks can be connected, and Microsoft has already managed to fit eight of them on a single chip. According to the company, a 1 million-qubit chip could lead to the creation of self-healing materials that can repair cracks in airplanes, or catalysts that can break down all kinds of plastic pollutants into valuable byproducts.

Microsoft claims that Majorana qubits are more stable than current alternatives. They are fast, small, digitally controllable, and have unique properties that can protect quantum information.