Vitalik Buterin
@vitalik.eth
Scaling Ethereum L1 and L2s in 2025 and beyond https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/01/23/l1l2future.html
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Vitalik Buterin
@vitalik.eth
Ethereum distinguishes itself in two ways: a principled technological and social philosophy committed to decentralization, and real value already brought to millions of users.
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Vitalik Buterin
@vitalik.eth
L2s have made great progress, and this is a testament to Ethereum's ecosystem and development philosophy working in action.
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Vitalik Buterin
@vitalik.eth
Today, there are two primary challenges: 1. Scale 2. Challenges of heterogeneity (standards, interoperability, proof system security, user experience, economics ....)
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Vitalik Buterin
@vitalik.eth
We could give up on L2s and try to do 2016-era-style L1 sharding. But this would be a mistake. Instead, we should double down on our work on interoperability, ZK-EVMs, etc, and get the benefits of independent innovation and a unified Ethereum at the same time. This means:
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Vitalik Buterin
@vitalik.eth
Summary: raise the blobs, work hard on interop and security, think about economics. See the post for more details on each topic. Ethereum's future is bright.
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Jæn
@jaen.eth
Okay, but blobs can only go so far, saturation is becoming a real threat as you know. L1 IMHO should be a priority. We're a whole lot of people who prefer to do stuff on the L1 for a lot of good reasons (and you mentioned the virtue of less dependencies in software, relying on the L1 is one prime example).
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