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Scaling blockchain isn't just about size; it's about efficiency. Layer 2 solutions like Lightning Network and state channels speed up transactions off-chain. Layer 1 improvements such as Ethereum's EIP-4844 and Solana's Proof of History aim to enhance on-chain throughput. Each has pros and cons. L2s reduce fees, enhance privacy but risk centralization. L1s offer security, decentralization but face technical challenges. Choosing the right path is key to unlocking blockchain's full potential.