Both Polkadot and Cosmos aim to solve blockchain interoperability, but their technical approaches differ, impacting their investment potential. Polkadot uses a Relay Chain to connect parachains, providing shared security and seamless cross-chain communication via Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCM). This unified security model reduces costs for parachains and appeals to projects needing robust integration. Cosmos, dubbed the “Internet of Blockchains,” employs the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol and a hub-and-zone model, allowing independent blockchains (zones) to connect via hubs like the Cosmos Hub, prioritizing sovereignty and flexibility.