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from BASE: Decentralization stages
Vitalik Buterin's decentralization framework lays out a clear path for Layer-2 rollups on Ethereum, like Base, to progressively and safely decentralize. This framework describes three stages of decentralization:
Stage 0, or "full training wheels", is a stage where all rollup transactions are posted onchain, but the validity checks of these transactions are done by the chain's operator. State verification is centralized and dependent upon the chain operator.
Stage 1, or "limited training wheels", introduces a running fault proof or validity proof scheme with the practical authority to accept or reject state roots. It includes a decentralized override mechanism controlled by a diverse set of stakeholders, reducing dependence on chain operators alone.
Stage 2, or "no training wheels", represents full decentralization, where no group of actors can, even unanimously, post a state root other than the output of the code (except in clearly defined bug scenarios). 2 replies
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