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1/n Neuralink. What sets them apart, beyond their based team, is the way they go about hardware. They build both the robotic electrode inserter, and the packaged sensor device. High yield surgery, done by a robot. They’re likely the most advanced BCI company in the world, now having tested on 2 human patients.
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2/n CS2 played by patient #2, Alex https://neuralink.com/blog/prime-study-progress-update-second-participant/ Game for testing your precision https://neuralink.com/webgrid/ Team, interviewed by Lex https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kbk9BiPhm7o Deep dive into their tech, their first paper https://www.jmir.org/2019/10/e16194
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3/n Blackrock Neurotech, branch of a $10 trillion AUM behemoth - 5x the crypto market cap - develops invasive sensors allowing users to control computers. Their BCI reportedly has 30k patient-days of data and 100+ peer-reviewed papers. Though, unlike Neuralink, the sensor is wired outside the skull.
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4/n Tether Evo, the VC arm of the 3rd largest cryptocurrency, invested $200 million in Blackrock Neurotech. Could signal intent to bridge finance and BCIs, or simply an investment into promising tech. https://tether.io/news/tether-takes-strategic-stake-in-leading-brain-computer-interface-company-blackrock-neurotech/
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5/n There’s reading and writing to the brain, with invasive and non-invasive tech. Invasive methods are set to dominate the market. One day, we may recall internet data just like our names, but will "privacy of the mind" survive? What would happen in the context of mandatory chipping in certain jurisdictions?
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6/n OpenBCI, likely the largest open-source player in the space. Their OS alignment allowed third parties to manufacture hardware and develop software using their tech. While their $28k VR headset isn’t fully open-source, they are a significant force in driving innovation and collaboration within the BCI community.
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7/n Schematics & BOM for manufacturing https://docs.openbci.com/ForDevelopers/HardwareDevelopment/ Spreadsheet with research that used OpenBCI tech https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1WvolD2-QJ5aUJy5o0Dq5wdFQtLMkMtppZT8s_ihYyA4/ Emotibit https://shop.openbci.com/products/all-in-one-emotibit-bundle
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8/n Kernel, founded by @bryanjohnson, developed a high-res fNIRS device, primarily used in clinical research on psychoactive compounds, alcohol, and now depression, and cognitive decline. With a price of $115k, it’s not consumer-focused, but highlights fNIRS's capabilities. https://www.kernel.com/research
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9/n Kernel's devices aren't open hardware - manufacturing files aren't available. However, open initiatives are gaining traction, with some listed on openFNIRS’s website, and another starting at $200 for a setup. https://openfnirs.org/hardware/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246806722100033X
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10/n Emotiv. With an EEG headset, Perri shows how imagining pushing a cube controls movement. The interviewer mirrors the effect, though body movement, which also generates electrical activity, could be influencing the model. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBYY3D1gkQ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsLFga7jZuc
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11/n CTRL-Labs. Based team. Acquired by Meta in 2019 for an amount between $500m and $1b, their software translates wrist signals to AR/VR movements. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3170427.3186520 https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/23/20881032/facebook-ctrl-labs-acquisition-neural-interface-armband-ar-vr-deal
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Neurovalens was FDA approved to market devices for insomnia and anxiety disorder, after clinical trials. These deliver electrical pulses to specific brain regions. https://www.medicaldevice-network.com/news/us-fda-neurovalens-anxiety/ https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=K230826
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Muse sells affordable EEG headsets, starting at 250 dollars. https://choosemuse.com/
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