After Uniswap released its Layer 2 chain, Andre Cronje pointed out that app chains are severely underestimating infrastructure and compliance costs (such as blockchain explorers, custodians, exchanges, oracles, bridges, toolkits, IDEs, on/off-chain channels, native issuance and integration, regulation, and compliance). He mentioned that in 2024 alone, these costs have already reached $14 million, with most of them being recurring expenses.

Personally, I believe that from a consumer perspective, chain abstraction or interoperability will become increasingly important. Except for chain nerds, no one will care which blockchain this service is running on.