Oracles:

Oracles are external data sources that provide real-world information to smart contracts. These are necessary for smart contracts to interact with the outside world, like retrieving asset prices, weather data, or sports scores. Chainlink is one of the most popular oracle networks in the Ethereum ecosystem.
Ethereum Interoperability:

Ethereum is not the only blockchain. Many other blockchains, such as Bitcoin, Binance Smart Chain, and Polkadot, are in use. Projects like Polygon and Optimism aim to improve interoperability, allowing Ethereum to communicate more seamlessly with other blockchains.
Challenges Ethereum Faces:
Scalability:

Before the Ethereum 2.0 upgrade, scalability was a major issue. Ethereum can only process around 15-30 transactions per second (TPS), causing congestion during high-demand periods. This leads to high gas fees and slow transaction times. Ethereum 2.0 and Layer 2 solutions (such as Optimistic Rollups and zk-Rollups) aim to resolve this issue.
High Gas Fees: