The first smart contract blockchain, Ethereum, was monolithic by design, meaning it manages its own execution, settlement, consensus, and data availability. Over the years, new decentralized applications developed, leading to increased demand for blockspace. When the demand for blockspace is more than its supply.

Ethereum played an important role in the development of the blockchain ecosystem by introducing smart contracts.  The platform has helped create and expand projects as diverse as DeFi (decentralized finance) and NFT (non-fungible tokens).
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