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Base blockchain refers to the foundational layer of a blockchain network, often known as Layer 1. This layer is responsible for the core functions such as consensus mechanisms, transaction validation, and maintaining the distributed ledger. It provides the essential infrastructure upon which additional protocols, applications, and services (often Layer 2 solutions) can be built. Examples include Bitcoin's blockchain, which primarily handles transactions and security, and Ethereum's blockchain, which also supports smart contracts and decentralized applications. The robustness and efficiency of a base blockchain are critical for the scalability, security, and functionality of the entire ecosystem built upon it.