Re-upping my post from 1.5 years ago on "layer 3s":

https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2022/09/17/layer_3.html

The summary is that layer 3s don't magically improve throughput even more, though they can reduce some fixed costs of batch publishing and deposits/withdrawals.

Agreed, Layer 3 is just creating a new story and does not solve the actual problem. Currently, the prices of many second-layer Ethereum are cheap enough. However, when Ethereum is congested, purchasing some first-layer assets still requires high gas. Fee, so what does the emergence of Layer 3 do?