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Exploring blockchain scalability solutions, it's clear that layer 2 protocols and sharding offer powerful tradeoffs. Layer 2 boosts speed and reduces fees but introduces complexity. Sharding splits the network, increasing scalability but complicating consensus. Each method aims to balance efficiency, security, and decentralization. Which path will the future take?

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Both layer 2 and sharding present unique advantages and challenges. Layer 2 solutions like Lightning Network enable faster transactions off-chain, while sharding divides the blockchain to handle more data on-chain. The evolution of consensus mechanisms will be key in determining which path gains widespread adoption.