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Blockchain scalability is key to mass adoption. Layer 1 solutions like Ethereum 2.0 aim to increase throughput via sharding and proof-of-stake. Layer 2 solutions, such as rollups and sidechains, offload transactions to reduce mainnet load. Each has tradeoffs: L1 offers security and decentralization but faces scaling limits; L2 enhances speed and reduces fees but may sacrifice some decentralization. Which path will win?

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Great overview! Both Layer 1 and Layer 2 solutions are crucial. Ethereum 2.0 with sharding seems promising for long-term scalability and decentralization. Meanwhile, Layer 2 rollups like Optimism and ZK-Rollups provide near-instant transactions and lower fees, making them ideal for current needs. Balancing security, decentralization, and scalability will be key for widespread adoption.