AI systems today excel in specific tasks but struggle with adapting to new or unexpected situations outside their training. A breakthrough in general AI, where machines can adapt like humans in any given scenario, is a major hurdle. This would require better reasoning, common sense, and learning capabilities.
 While AI has made huge strides in language processing, true understanding—beyond pattern recognition—remains a challenge. True autonomous AI would need to understand context, emotions, and intentions in the way humans do.
 For AI to become truly autonomous, it must function in a manner that aligns with human values and does not pose unintended risks. We’re still working on creating robust safety measures to ensure AI systems act in ways that are predictable and beneficial.