Alexey
@alexey-komkov
Why does TON work so slowly? It has several reasons. The main one is its very unlucky sharding architecture. I'll try to explain: Most blockchains process all transactions in one block. They line them up like beads and compute them one by one. It is quick and simple, but in 2 seconds you cannot process too many transactions. On Solana, transactions also happen in one block, but in parallel. That way, on powerful machines, you can process a lot more in 2 seconds. To avoid conflicting transactions, Solana came up with splitting contracts into token-contracts. This prevents two people from withdrawing tokens from a bridge at the same time and one of them not getting enough.
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Alexey
@alexey-komkov
NEAR did it differently. It said that one validator only serves part of the contracts. This let them increase the number of transactions a lot and lower storage costs. The downside is if there is a swap that goes through 3 contracts, you have to wait for three blocks. Each contract is its own shard. So transfer + swap + transfer is really 3 separate internal transactions across 3 blocks. And then TON arrived. It combined Solana and NEAR 🙂. Now you have 20 mini token contracts that run in different shards, all inside one mega-transaction. What could go wrong? Of course, messages between shards flooded the network. They get lost, transactions get stuck, and under heavy load, they get stuck halfway and only finish hours later. This system can only work if all validators sit in one room connected by fiber cables. And of course, it doesn't work. What can be done? Now, nothing. The contracts are written, and the state is split up. Then Pasha comes and says everything will be on TON to make it easy for users!
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