Polkadot and Cosmos both aim for blockchain interoperability but differ in approach. Polkadot’s Relay Chain offers shared security and scalability, ideal for enterprise applications, with strong developer traction via Substrate. Cosmos emphasizes sovereignty and flexibility through IBC, fostering diverse ecosystems like Osmosis, but ATOM’s value capture is weaker. Polkadot’s capital-driven growth and unified model may edge out for investment potential, though Cosmos’ organic adoption is notable. Both have vibrant communities, but Polkadot’s momentum slightly favors it.