Vitalik Buterin

@vitalik.eth

110 Following

306002 Followers

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Vitalik Buterin

The math of when stage 1 and stage 2 make sense https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/05/06/stages.html

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Vitalik Buterin

CSS on my blog reduced from 5875 lines to 233 lines. https://vitalik.eth.limo/css/main.css Today is a great day for simplification. All software (incl law) should do this more.

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Vitalik Buterin

Simplifying the L1 https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/05/03/simplel1.html

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Vitalik Buterin

Welcome to the full-EVM stage 1 gang, Base! https://x.com/l2beat/status/1917538671080923288

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Vitalik Buterin

Exciting to see Scroll become the first full-EVM ZK stage 1 rollup! https://x.com/l2beat/status/1916868363730444341

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Vitalik Buterin

3sf-mini: a basic implementation and simulation of 3-slot finality (many details of 3sf are of course still in flux; the goal is to create a minimal software package that makes it easy to understand 3sf and play around with options) https://github.com/ethereum/research/tree/master/3sf-mini

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Vitalik Buterin

Formalizing decentralization goals in the context of higher L1 gaslimits and 2020s-era tech https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/formalizing-decentralization-goals-in-the-context-of-larger-l1-gaslimits-and-2020s-era-tech/23942

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Vitalik Buterin

And my personal focuses for 2025: 1. Ethereum, particularly: (i) L1 long-term roadmap (eg. single-slot finality, long-term VM, statelessness, security / resilience / decentralization) (ii) full-stack security, open source and privacy: ensuring Ethereum is usable in a way that is highly secure, free of centralized intermediaries and privacy-friendly, incl higher up the stack (apps, wallets...) 2. Big-picture d/acc (see https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/01/05/dacc2.html ): * comms tools, info and social layer, mechanism design eg. governance, pubgoods/open source funding * cryptography, OS, hardware, physical infra, bio defense Meanwhile areas that are important but where I am relatively less involved (and others excel): * @gakonst @ansgar.eth @dankrad and others are taking on practicals of short-term scaling (eg. 10x the L1 gaslimit within 2026) * p2p, block construction, other research areas * @hww @tkstanczak are leading many EF matters * proven app layer categories (eg. defi, payments/savings)

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Vitalik Buterin

Twin goals of EF: 1. Usage of Ethereum - but usage of a type where users are actually benefiting from Ethereum's underlying properties 2. Resilience and decentralization of Ethereum - viewed holistically, focused on addressing points of weakness anywhere in the stack

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Vitalik Buterin

"continue" might be the worst-named keyword in python. Like, consider this code: for i in range(100): if i % 5 == 0: continue print(i) It prints out numbers that are not multiples of 5. But if you give it to someone who is not experienced in python, they might think the exact opposite!

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Vitalik Buterin

Why I support privacy: https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/04/14/privacy.html

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Vitalik Buterin

P = NP is in fact an easy problem. It has several solutions: * P = 0 * N = 1 * N = integer > 1, P = "turn right 360/(N-1) degrees" * N = integer > 1, P = any idempotent (eg. "erase everything at a particular location") Most people who think they understand the truth about P = NP have only grasped the first two.

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Vitalik Buterin

I actually think the growth of app layer is exactly the time that good social philosophy is needed *most*. Analogy: imagine that C++ had been made by a totalitarian racist fascist. Would it be a worse language? Probably not. C++ is general purpose, there isn't much surface for bad social philosophy to wreck it (or good social philosophy to improve it). Ethereum L1 is not quite in that position: someone who doesn't believe in decentralization would not add light clients, or FOCIL, or (good forms of) account abstraction; someone who doesn't mind energy waste would not spend half a decade moving to PoS... But the EVM opcodes might have been roughly the same either way. So Ethereum is perhaps 50% general-purpose. Apps are ~80% special purpose. What apps you build depends heavily on what ideas you have of what ethereum apps (and ethereum as a whole) are there to do for the world. And so having good ideas on this topic out there becomes crucially important. https://x.com/owocki/status/1911160442728419681

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Vitalik Buterin

Solution to a puzzle from the other app (This is actually relevant to energy-efficient ventilation!)

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Vitalik Buterin

我最近发现，很多人还是以为山海坞的名字是"上海坞". 我在想，是不是大家可以fork山海坞一下，给不同的fork基于其他城市的名字？比如： * 圣镇坞 * 晨都坞（大家每天5点起床！） * 京东坞 * 牛约坞 * 多人多坞

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Vitalik Buterin

My own current privacy roadmap (much lighter on L1 changes, but also more limited in its consequences): https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/a-maximally-simple-l1-privacy-roadmap/23459 Highly encourage people to read both! https://x.com/pcaversaccio/status/1909939119037313255

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Vitalik Buterin

A simple L2 security and finalization roadmap https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/a-simple-l2-security-and-finalization-roadmap/23309

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Vitalik Buterin

The tree ring model of culture and politics https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/03/29/treering.html

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Vitalik Buterin

We should talk less about public goods funding and more about open source funding https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/03/29/pubos.html

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Vitalik Buterin

For 2025 we need Fusaka on L1 with PeerDAS, ideally with 48/72 blob target/limit Let's aim to get a Fusaka testnet with these blob parameters running the day after Pectra goes live.

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