This allows the government to service its debt at a relatively low cost, minimizing the financial burden and making it more sustainable in the long term.

c) Strong Economic Fundamentals

Despite high debt levels, Japan has a robust economy characterized by:

- A strong industrial base
- Advanced technology sector
- High levels of innovation

These factors contribute to economic stability and growth, enabling Japan to manage its debt effectively.

d) Central Bank Policies

The Bank of Japan (BOJ) plays a crucial role by:

- Implementing quantitative easing
- Purchasing government bonds

These actions help maintain liquidity in the market and support the government's fiscal policies, further preventing an economic collapse.

e) Social and Political Stability

Japan benefits from a stable political environment and a cohesive society, which:

- Encourages consistent economic policies
- Fosters investor confidence

This stability helps maintain economic resilience despite the high debt levels.