Irregular menstrual cycles can arise from various causes:

1. Hormonal Imbalances (e.g., PCOS, thyroid issues) can cause extended cycle gaps or unpredictable periods.

2. Stress affects the hypothalamus, leading to missed or delayed periods and mood changes.

3. Weight Fluctuations impact estrogen, causing skipped periods or changes in PMS.

4. Exercise Intensity (especially low body fat) can lead to lighter or missed periods.

5. Birth Control/Medications (e.g., hormonal birth control, antidepressants) may cause spotting or prolonged bleeding.

6. Chronic Conditions like diabetes and autoimmune disorders can disrupt cycles, causing irregular bleeding.

7. Perimenopause/Menopause leads to fluctuating cycles and hot flashes.

When to Seek Help: Persistent irregularity, severe pain, sudden weight change, signs of hormone imbalance, or infection signs like fever.