Mike

@centyone

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The sun has once again unleashed a powerful solar flare, continuing its streak of intense activity. On April 1, at 2:46 a.m. EDT (0646 GMT), an M5.6-class flare erupted from sunspot region AR4046 — the same region responsible for last week's X-class flare and massive coronal mass ejection (CME). Unlike the previous event, this latest eruption could have a greater impact on Earth, as AR4046 has now moved into the "Earth strike zone," meaning any CME it produces in the coming days has a much higher chance of hitting our planet. If this flare is accompanied by a CME, it could set the stage for heightened geomagnetic activity, potentially triggering geomagnetic storms and dazzling northern lights at high and even mid-latitudes. Forecasters are currently awaiting coronagraph data to confirm whether a CME was launched alongside this event.

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A super-Earth that could explain the universe's mysterious lack of certain exoplanets has been found by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the planet-measuring ESPRESSO instrument on the Very Large Telescope in Chile. "It's a small addition to the already long list of known planets, but such discoveries are essential to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of planet formation and evolution," said José Rodrigues of the Porto Institute of Astrophysics, who led the study, in a statement. "Many more [planets] will be needed to transform our hypotheses into scientific certainties."

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The sun has somewhat surprised forecasters today with a dramatic X-class solar flare from a newly emerging sunspot region. The intense solar flare originated from sunspot region AR4046 and was accompanied by a spectacular filament eruption and coronal mass ejection (CME) — an expulsion of plasma and magnetic field from the sun. When CMEs (also known as solar storms) hit Earth's magnetosphere they can trigger active geomagnetic storm conditions resulting in impressive auroras. However, the CME in this event is unlikely to impact Earth due to the current location of the sunspot region. "The CME that followed may not be Earth-directed; the region was too close to the east limb," solar physicist Halo CME wrote in a post on X.

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The date is April 1, 2471 B.C., and a total solar eclipse has forced night to fall during the day in Egypt. The sun has morphed into a lifeless black circle surrounded by a milky halo, a consequence of the moon passing perfectly between the Earth and its radiant star. Darkness has swept across the Nile Delta. The sacred city of Buto's usual luster has been blanketed in shadow. Pharaoh Shepsekaf, the reigning ruler of the fourth Egyptian dynasty, is shaken. Could this be an ominous message from the heavens?

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A new set of predictions for the so-called "blaze star," T Corona Borealis suggests the star might go nova on either March 27, November 10, or June 25, 2026. However, other astronomers are skeptical about these predictions, which are based on an implied pattern in the explosive system's orbital configuration, "T Corona Borealis [T CrB] is a unique object that has fascinated amateur and professional astronomers for more than a century," Léa Planquart of the Institut d'Astronomie et d’Astrophysique at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium, told Space.com. T CrB is a symbiotic binary, a vampire system in which a white dwarf is siphoning material from a red giant star. A white dwarf is the dense, compact core remnant of a once sun-like star, packing a mass equivalent to that of a star into a volume about the size of Earth. A red giant represents an earlier stage in a star's evolution, when a sun-like star starts to run out of its hydrogen fuel supply and begins to swell.

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NASA's Perseverance rover has encountered another rock on Mars that has left scientists puzzled. Named "St. Pauls Bay" by the mission team, the Mars rock features hundreds of millimeter-size dark gray spheres, some of which have tiny pinholes. Perseverance discovered this rock on March 11 on the rim of the Jezero Crater, an ancient lakebed that the rover has been exploring since 2021 for signs of past microbial life. Scientists say determining the geological origins of this area's features could provide valuable insights into how rocks in the region evolved over billions of years. "Placing these features in geologic context will be critical for understanding their origin, and determining their significance for the geological history of the Jezero crater rim and beyond," the Perseverance team wrote in a statement.

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Observing an eclipse of the sun is always fascinating, but on March 29, 2025 — when a partial solar eclipse is visible in the Northern Hemisphere — there will be an extra reason to do so. As well as up to 94% of the sun being blocked by the moon, sky-watchers will see sunspots on the solar surface.

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A cosmic anomaly detected in a distant galaxy could portend a terrifying future for life in the Milky Way. The discovery suggests that our models of galactic evolution could be inaccurate. Astronomers have detected an erupting supermassive black hole producing some of the largest jets ever seen bursting from a galaxy with the same shape as our own. The galaxy in question also possesses vastly more dark matter than the Milky Way, hinting at a connection between active black holes and the abundance of the universe's most mysterious "stuff." The jets erupting from the massive spiral galaxy 2MASX J23453268−0449256 (J2345-0449), which is three times the size of the Milky Way and is located 947 million light-years away, are themselves 6 million light-years long. And if the supermassive black hole in J2345-0449, which has an estimated mass equivalent to 1.4 billion suns, can erupt so violently, could our galaxy's supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) also blow its top?

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A team of scientists has developed a recipe for black holes that eliminates one of the most troubling aspects of physics: the central singularity, the point at which all our theories, laws and models shatter. If you were going to design an object to preserve mystery while being utterly troubling, you couldn't do much better than a black hole. First, the outer boundary of these cosmic titans is a one-way light-trapping surface called an event horizon, the point at which a black hole's gravity is so powerful that not even light can escape. This means no information can escape from within a black hole, so we can never directly observe or measure what lies at its heart.

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Astronomers have taken unprecedented images of baby planets in a distant star system. The planets are still surrounded by rings of gas and dust from which moons appear to be taking shape. The two imaged infant planets, or "protoplanets," orbit the star PDS 70, located 370 light-years away in the constellation of Centaurus. PDS 70 is little more than a toddler in stellar terms, at just around 5 million years old. If this seems ancient, consider that our "middle-aged" solar system is around 4.6 billion years old. The scientists behind this research believe that, billions of years ago, the solar system would have resembled a mini-version of the PDS 70 system.

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Scientists are confident Mars was once abundant with water, as seen in massive flood-carved channels, ancient river valleys, and minerals that form only in liquid water. But how the Red Planet lost its water, leaving behind the arid world we see today, is still up for debate. Now, a new challenge to a recent theory surrounding vast amounts of water stored beneath the Martian surface suggests the Red Planet may not be hiding liquid water beneath its crust after all.

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New results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) suggest that the unknown force accelerating the expansion of the universe isn't what we believed it to be. This hints that our best theory of the universe's evolution, the standard model of cosmology, could be wrong. The newly released DESI data comes from its first three years of observations collected as the instrument, mounted on the Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, continues to build the largest 3D map of the universe ever created. By the time DESI completes its five-year mission next year, the instrument will have measured the light from an estimated 50 million galaxies and black hole-powered quasars, in addition to the starlight of over 10 million stars.

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A green energy plant expected to be built in Chile's Atacama Desert could increase night-time sky brightness at one of the world's most valuable astronomical locations by up to 35%, a new study has revealed. Such an increase would seriously affect the scientific observations conducted by some of the world's largest and most expensive telescopes, hampering scientific progress in our understanding of the most intriguing phenomena in the universe.

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Recent findings from samples collected by China's Chang'e 6 mission have provided valuable insights into the history of the moon, particularly its far side. The Chang'e 6 mission launched in early May 2024, landed in the vast South Pole-Aitken (SPA), and returned to Earth with 4 pounds and 4.29 ounces (1,935.3 grams) of the first-ever samples from the moon's far side in late June. New research from scientists with the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and published in the journal Science found that sample analysis backs up an established model of the moon as a global liquid magma ocean in the early days after its formation and likely lasted for tens to hundreds of millions of years.

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Persuasive new evidence supporting the possibility of liquid water deep underground on Mars has come to light in a new analysis of seismic data from NASA's InSight lander. In 2024, researchers proposed that the deep subsurface of the Red Planet, particularly between 7.1 and 12.4 miles (11.5 and 20 kilometers) down, is soaked in liquid water, a conclusion they base on the velocities of seismic waves detected during marsquakes. Now, researchers Ikuo Katayama of Hiroshima University and Yuya Akamatsu of the Research Institute for Marine Geodynamics in Japan have found supporting evidence for this claim of liquid water deep inside Mars. "Many studies suggest the presence of water on ancient Mars billions of years ago," said Katayama in a statement. "But our model indicates the presence of liquid water on present-day Mars."

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NASA's most ambitious Arctic voyage to date has revealed surprisingly high concentrations of ice particles in clouds over Greenland, a clue that may help explain why Arctic ice is melting even faster than predicted. "The Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on the planet, so the question we're trying to ask here is: Is the Arctic going to change fast — or really fast?" Patrick Taylor, the deputy science lead for the mission known as ARCSIX, for Arctic Radiation Cloud Aerosol Surface Interaction Experiment, told Space.com.

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Scientists have confirmed the existence of four small, rocky planets orbiting Barnard's Star — the second closest star system to Earth — using a specialized instrument on the mighty Gemini North telescope in Hawaii. Just six light-years away from us, all the worlds are too hot to support life as we know it. This find is particularly exciting, explained Ritvik Basant, who is a Ph.D. student at the University of Chicago and an author on a paper about the new discovery. This is because, he said, Barnard's Star is essentially our cosmic neighbor, yet we don't know very much about it. There have been many claims of exoplanets orbiting Barnard's Star over the years, dating all the way back to the 1960s. Barnard's Star is a red dwarf, also known as an M-dwarf, and is noticeable for having the fastest proper motion, in reference to its motion visible in the night sky, of any star so far discovered.

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Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost lunar lander continues to beam home incredible imagery from the surface of the moon. Blue Ghost just sent back amazing photos of last night's "Blood Moon" total lunar eclipse from its perch in Mare Crisium, or "Sea of Crises," a vast basin on the northeastern region of the moon's near side. Blue Ghost landed there on March 2 and has been sending us stunning photos and videos of its moon excursion ever since. In these most recent photos, Blue Ghost captured Earth blocking the sun during the eclipse at around 4:30 a.m. EDT (0830 GMT) on March 14. As the sun began to peek around Earth, it formed a bright ring of light in the dark lunar skies. "Blue Ghost got her first diamond ring!" Firefly Aerospace announced in an update accompanying the photo.

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While sitting in his office, Naman Bajaj stared at the precious data that led to the final installment of his trio of published papers, each of which incrementally answers a very loaded question: Why do some planet-forming disks creep onto their own stars? The three studies were robust, interesting — and most importantly, finished. But before closing the door on these last few data points, delivered by the famous James Webb Space Telescope, Bajaj decided to wring them for all they were worth. He certainly didn't expect, however, to open yet another door.

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Astronomers have discovered a collection of tiny galaxies located roughly 3 million light-years away that includes the smallest and faintest galaxy ever seen. This galaxy, designated Andromeda XXXV, and its compatriots orbiting our neighbor galaxy, Andromeda, could change how we think about cosmic evolution. That's because dwarf galaxies this small should have been destroyed in the hotter and denser conditions of the early universe. Yet somehow, this tiny galaxy survived without being fried.

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