Wolf packs have complex social structures and living habits:

### **1. Social Structure:**
- **Pack Composition:** Typically 6-10 wolves, led by an alpha pair, including their offspring and sometimes other adults.
- **Hierarchy:** A clear ranking exists, with the alpha pair at the top, followed by betas and the omega at the bottom.

- **Cooperative Hunting:** Wolves hunt large prey like deer and elk together.
- **Feeding Order:** The alpha pair eats first, followed by others in rank order. Excess food may be cached.

### **3. Territory and Range:
- **Large Territories:** Packs control large areas, marked by scent and howling. They often travel 20-30 miles daily in search of food.

### **4. Communication:
- **Vocalizations and Body Language:** Wolves use howling, barking, and body posture to communicate, maintain unity, and defend territory.

### **5. Breeding and Raising Pups:
- **Breeding:** The alpha pair breeds yearly, with 4-6 pups. The whole pack helps care for the young